Sistem Pemerintahan Republik Irlandia



Ireland is a soverign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. It is a parliamentary,  representative democratic republic and a member state of the European Union.

Executive Branch
Executive authority is exercised by a cabinet known simply as the Government. The Government may consist of no less than seven and no more than fifteen members, namely the Taoseach (prime minister), the Tanaiste (deputy prime minister) and up to thirteen other ministers. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President, after being nominated by the lower house of parliament. The remaining ministers are nominated by the Taoiseach and appointed by the President following their approval by the Dáil.

Legislative Branch
The Oireachtas consists of the President and two elected houses: Dáil Éireann (the House of Representatives) and Seanad Éireann (the Senate). As the Oireachtas also consists of the President the official title of the two law making houses is the Houses of the Oireachtas. The Dáil is by far the dominant House of the legislature. The President may not veto bills passed by the Oireachtas, but may refer them to the Supreme Court of Ireland, a ruling on whether they comply with the constitution.

Judicial Branch
Ireland is a common law jurisdiction. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, and the High Court and other lower courts established by law. Judges are appointed by the President after being nominated by the Government and can be removed from office only for misbehaviour or incapacity, and then only by resolution of both houses of the Oireachtas. The final court of appeal is the Supreme Court, which consists of the Chief Justice, seven ordinary judges and ex officio the President of the High Court. The Supreme Court rarely sits as a full bench and normally hears cases in chambers of three, five or seven judges.
Both the Supreme Court and the High Court have the power of judicial reviewand may declare to be invalid both laws and acts of the state which are repugnant to the constitution.

Jennifer Jane